Estudo do paradigma: computação em nuvem

Na atual conjuntura económica, onde a globalização convive com a crise, as empresas confrontam-se com dois indeclináveis desafios, a expansão para novos mercados e a redução dos custos. A inevitabilidade de lidar com uma crescente quantidade de informação, na manutenção dos serviços prestados e na implementação de outros, obriga a uma sofisticada evolução dos meios informáticos. Para evoluir de forma pouco onerosa, é imprescindível a adoção de infraestruturas computacionais ágeis. Neste contexto emergem estratégias sustentadas na adoção do paradigma Computação em Nuvem (CN). Este paradigma sugere infraestruturas virtuais, escaláveis e com gestão automática de recursos, partilhadas no mesmo modelo de negócio. A forma de definir os custos, designada por pay as you go, é baseada no uso. Procurando garantir uma constante adaptação às exigências do negócio, a CN proporciona confiança e qualidade de serviço, reduzindo o risco associado ao lançamento de aplicações e o tempo de resposta. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o paradigma CN e perscrutar a sua projeção num futuro próximo, analisando as suas vantagens e inconvenientes. Nesse âmbito, é proposta uma arquitetura para integrar equipamentos de bilhética empregues para, designadamente, vender, validar e fiscalizar títulos de transportes. Para avaliar a arquitetura proposta foi implementado um demonstrador na plataforma Windows Azure

Chapter 9 - Strategies for the reduction of sugar in food products

Over the last years, foods are being tailored in their compositional profiles and structural properties to promote or enhance human health and well-being over and above simple nutrition. In this context, there is a need for a detailed understanding of the physical, biochemical and sensorial properties of the food categories involved since any modification targeting improved healthiness needs to guarantee their maintenance within acceptable levels to maintain consumer satisfaction. The reduction of sugar content in food to reduce both energy density of food and glycemic response is currently a key focus of the food manufacturing industry that poses several challenges. In this chapter, an overall perspective of sugar and its technological/functional role as well as the negative health implications associated to its excessive consumption is presented upholding the need for reformulation strategies to reduce free sugar intake. In this framework, the different solutions developed over the last years will be discussed including sugar structure modification and encapsulation to enhance sweet perception, food grade alternatives to sugar or in-situ enzymatic sugar conversion into non-digestible saccharides with enhanced (prebiotic) functionality. Examples of commercial products and market challenges will also be detailed.This work supported by the project cLabel+ (POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046080) cofinanced by Compete 2020, Lisbon 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). We would also like to thank the scientific collaboration under the FCT project UID/Multi/50016/2019.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Management of coronary disease in patients with advanced kidney disease

BACKGROUND Clinical trials that have assessed the effect of revascularization in patients with stable coronary disease have routinely excluded those with advanced chronic kidney disease. METHODS We randomly assigned 777 patients with advanced kidney disease and moderate or severe ischemia on stress testing to be treated with an initial invasive strategy consisting of coronary angiography and revascularization (if appropriate) added to medical therapy or an initial conservative strategy consisting of medical therapy alone and angiography reserved for those in whom medical therapy had failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. A key secondary outcome was a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 2.2 years, a primary outcome event had occurred in 123 patients in the invasive-strategy group and in 129 patients in the conservative-strategy group (estimated 3-year event rate, 36.4% vs. 36.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.29; P=0.95). Results for the key secondary outcome were similar (38.5% vs. 39.7%; hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.29). The invasive strategy was associated with a higher incidence of stroke than the conservative strategy (hazard ratio, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.52 to 9.32; P=0.004) and with a higher incidence of death or initiation of dialysis (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.11; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease, advanced chronic kidney disease, and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction

Health status after invasive or conservative care in coronary and advanced kidney disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA-CKD trial, the primary analysis showed no significant difference in the risk of death or myocardial infarction with initial angiography and revascularization plus guideline-based medical therapy (invasive strategy) as compared with guideline-based medical therapy alone (conservative strategy) in participants with stable ischemic heart disease, moderate or severe ischemia, and advanced chronic kidney disease (an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 or receipt of dialysis). A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status. METHODS We assessed health status with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) before randomization and at 1.5, 3, and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. The primary outcome of this analysis was the SAQ Summary score (ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating less frequent angina and better function and quality of life). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate the treatment effect with the invasive strategy. RESULTS Health status was assessed in 705 of 777 participants. Nearly half the participants (49%) had had no angina during the month before randomization. At 3 months, the estimated mean difference between the invasive-strategy group and the conservative-strategy group in the SAQ Summary score was 2.1 points (95% credible interval, 120.4 to 4.6), a result that favored the invasive strategy. The mean difference in score at 3 months was largest among participants with daily or weekly angina at baseline (10.1 points; 95% credible interval, 0.0 to 19.9), smaller among those with monthly angina at baseline (2.2 points; 95% credible interval, 122.0 to 6.2), and nearly absent among those without angina at baseline (0.6 points; 95% credible interval, 121.9 to 3.3). By 6 months, the between-group difference in the overall trial population was attenuated (0.5 points; 95% credible interval, 122.2 to 3.4). CONCLUSIONS Participants with stable ischemic heart disease, moderate or severe ischemia, and advanced chronic kidney disease did not have substantial or sustained benefits with regard to angina-related health status with an initially invasive strategy as compared with a conservative strategy